Interactive simulations
Explore together on the classroom screen, or revisit a model on your own device. Chapters follow the course PPT sequence.
Ch18 · Polymer repeat units · P6 · Burette reading · P6 · Acid-Base Solutions
Chapter 17 · Organic Chemistry: Build a Molecule supports formulae and bonding.
Chapter 4 · Atoms Combining: Build a Molecule also supports covalent molecules.
CHAPTER 2
Choose a separation method
Choose a method before revealing the outcome. Explain which physical property makes it work.
Your task: collect dry sand.
sand + water
Explain: does your method depend on solubility, volatility or different boiling points? Schematic decision model; no real apparatus is operated.
CHAPTER 4
Ions, lattices and conductivity
Predict which states conduct. Change the state, then explain what carries charge.
1 · Form the ions
Na has electron arrangement 2,8,1. Cl has 2,8,7.
Predict the charge on each atom after the transfer.
2 · Test conductivity
Predict: can charged particles move through this sample?
Molten salt is melted; aqueous salt is dissolved in water. These are different processes. This schematic shows mobility, not a full electrolysis circuit.
CHAPTER 5–6
From mass to moles to mass
Predict the product mass. Reveal each step and explain why the equation ratio is not a mass ratio.
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Assume excess oxygen and complete reaction. M(Mg) = 24 g mol⁻¹; M(MgO) = 40 g mol⁻¹.
- Step 1 · Convert the known mass into moles.
- Step 2 · Use the balanced equation to find product moles.
- Step 3 · Convert product moles into mass.
Explain: why must we divide by one molar mass and multiply by another? Display values are rounded; calculations use full precision.
CHAPTER 8
Inside an electrolytic cell
Predict the product at each electrode. Run the cell, then explain where ions and electrons move.
Molten PbBr₂; inert electrodes. This is a model, not a home experiment.
− supplies electrons to cathode · + removes electrons from anode
Reduction+ Anode
Oxidation
Electrons travel through wires and electrodes. Ions carry charge through the electrolyte. Movement towards an electrode does not mean an ion must be discharged there.
CHAPTER 9
The bond energy account
Predict whether the reaction releases energy. Break the reactant bonds, then form the product bonds.
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
Average gas-phase bond energies in kJ mol⁻¹ of bonds. A simplified energy account per reaction as written; it does not show the reaction mechanism or activation energy.
Break: H–H = 436; Cl–Cl = 243. Form: 2 × H–Cl = 862.
Breaking bonds always requires energy; forming bonds releases energy. Explain the overall change using both parts of the account.
Chapter 1 · States of Matter
Try it: States of Matter
Explore particle motion and changes of state.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Gas Properties
Explore how temperature, volume and particle number affect a gas.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Diffusion
Observe particles mixing and investigate factors affecting diffusion.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Density
Chapter 1 extension: compare mass, volume and density. Predict whether an object floats in water.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 2 · Separating Substances
Dissolving and Crystallisation
Explore sugar and salt in water and the effect of removing water.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 3 · Atoms and Elements
Isotopes and Atomic Mass
Change the number of neutrons and compare isotope mixtures.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Build an Atom
Build atoms from protons, neutrons and electrons.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Build a Molecule
Combine atoms to build and compare molecules.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 4 · Atoms Combining
Molecule Shapes Basics
Chapter 4 optional extension: explore three-dimensional molecular shapes. Detailed shape theory is not required for this activity.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 5 · Reacting Masses and Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
Chapter 5: change coefficients and check atom conservation. Keep formula subscripts unchanged.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Reactants, Products and Leftovers
Chapters 5–6: compare particle ratios, product amounts and leftover reactants. Use the lesson equations to convert particle ratios to reacting masses or moles.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 6 · Using Moles
Molarity
Chapter 6: vary solute amount and solution volume to explore c = n / V. One mol/L is one mol/dm³.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Concentration
Chapter 6: predict how adding water, adding solute and evaporating water change concentration.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Beer's Law Lab
Optional Chapter 6 extension: compare colour intensity as concentration changes. Absorbance calculations are beyond this course.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 8 · Electricity and Chemical Change
Conductivity
Optional Chapter 8 background: compare conducting and insulating materials. This model concerns electrons and energy levels, not ion movement or electrolysis.
This simulation opens on PhET. Check the available launch option before class.
Open on PhET ↗Chapter 9 · Energy Changes and Reversible Reactions
Energy Forms and Changes
Chapter 9 introduction: follow energy transfer between objects and their surroundings. Use the PPT reaction diagrams for chemical bond energies.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Reversible Reactions
Chapter 9: explore a model of reversible change and the effect of temperature. Discuss how forward and reverse changes continue at equilibrium.
This simulation opens on PhET. Check the available launch option before class.
Open on PhET ↗Chapter 10 · Rates of Reaction
Reactions and Rates
Chapter 10: relate collisions, temperature and activation energy to reaction rate.
This simulation opens on PhET. Check the available launch option before class.
Open on PhET ↗Chapter 11 · Acids, Bases and Salts
Salts and Solubility
Chapter 11: compare dissolved ions with undissolved salt and discuss saturation. Equilibrium-constant calculations are beyond this course.
This simulation opens on PhET. Check the available launch option before class.
Open on PhET ↗pH Scale Basics
Chapter 11: compare acidic and alkaline solutions and investigate dilution.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 15 · Air and Water
Greenhouse Effect
Chapter 15: explore how greenhouse gases affect energy transfer and temperature.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗Chapter 18 · Polymers
Polymer repeat units
Predict how the alkene forms an addition polymer. Keep the side groups on their original carbon atoms.
CH₂=CH₂
Isaac’s Chemroom structural model. This illustrates atom connections, not reaction speed, temperature or laboratory conditions.
Paper 6 · Observation skills
Acid-Base Solutions
Compare indicator observations for acids and bases. This model does not simulate qualitative ion tests or titration endpoints.
Open simulation in a new tab ↗